Thus the Republic falls to applause: Black Lives Matter

[Armonica_Templar]

I have decided to do this thread

It is not an easy task on this job so lets get the basics down

Black Lives Matter

Black Lives Matter (BLM) is an activist movement, originating in the African-American community, that campaigns against violence toward black people. BLM regularly organizes protests around the deaths of black people in killings by law enforcement officers, and broader issues of racial profiling, police brutality, and racial inequality in the United States criminal justice system.


In 2013, the movement began with the use of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter on social media, after the acquittal of George Zimmerman in the shooting death of African-American teen Trayvon Martin. Black Lives Matter became nationally recognized for its street demonstrations following the 2014 deaths of two African Americans: Michael Brown, resulting in protests and unrest in Ferguson, and Eric Garner in New York City.[1][2]

Since the Ferguson protests, participants in the movement have demonstrated against the deaths of numerous other African Americans by police actions or while in police custody, including those of Tamir Rice, Eric Harris, Walter Scott, Jonathan Ferrell,Sandra Bland, Samuel DuBose, and Freddie Gray, which led to protests and rioting in Baltimore. In the summer of 2015, Black Lives Matter began to publicly challenge politicians—including politicians in the 2016 United States presidential election—to state their positions on BLM issues. The overall Black Lives Matter movement, however, is a decentralized network and has no formal hierarchy or structure.[3]

Contents
  [hide] 

• 1Founding
  • 1.1Structure and organization
    
  • 1.2Tactics
    
  • 1.3Philosophy
    
  • 1.4Influence
    
• 2Notable protests and demonstrations
  • 2.12014
    
  • 2.22015
    
  • 2.32016
    
• 32016 presidential election
  • 3.1Influence
    
  • 3.2Protests
    
• 4"All Lives Matter"
  • 4.1Criticism
    
• 5Criticism
  • 5.1Issues protested
    
  • 5.2Tactics
    
  • 5.3White groups
    
• 6Media depictions
  
• 7See also
  
• 8References
  
• 9Further reading
  
• 10External links
  

Founding

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Nekima Levy-Pounds speaks during a Black Lives Matter demonstration in Minneapolis.

In the summer of 2013, after George Zimmerman's acquittal for the shooting death of Trayvon Martin, the movement began with the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter.[4] The movement was co-founded by three black community organizers: Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, andOpal Tometi.[5][6]
BLM claims inspiration from the African-American Civil Rights Movement, the Black Power movement, the 1980s Black feminist movement,Pan-Africanism, Anti-Apartheid Movement, Hip hop, LGBTQ social movements and Occupy Wall Street.[7]

Garza, Cullors and Tometi met through "Black Organizing for Leadership & Dignity" (BOLD), a national organization that trains community organizers.[7] They began to question how they were going to respond to the devaluation of black lives after Zimmerman's acquittal. Garza wrote a Facebook post titled "A Love Note to Black People" in which she wrote: "Our Lives Matter, Black Lives Matter". Cullors replied: "#BlackLivesMatter". Tometi then added her support, and Black Lives Matter was born as an online campaign.[7]

In August 2014, BLM members organized their first in-person national protest in the form of a "Black Lives Matter Freedom Ride" toFerguson, Missouri after the shooting of Michael Brown.[7] More than five hundred members descended upon Ferguson to participate in non-violent demonstrations. Of the many groups that descended on Ferguson, Black Lives Matter emerged from Ferguson as one of the best organized and most visible groups, becoming nationally recognized as symbolic of the emerging movement.[7] Since August 2014, Black Lives Matter has organized more than one thousand protest demonstrations. On Black Friday in November, Black Lives Matter staged demonstrations at stores and malls across the United States.[7]

In 2015, after the death of Freddie Gray in Baltimore, Maryland, black activists around the world modeled efforts for reform on Black Lives Matter and the Arab Spring.[7] This international movement has been referred to as the "Black Spring".[8][9] Connections have also been forged with parallel international efforts such as the Dalit rights movement.[10] Expanding beyond street protests, BLM has expanded to activism, such as the 2015 University of Missouri protests, on American college campuses.[11]

The U.S population's perception of the movement varies considerably by race. According to a September 2015 poll on race relations, nearly two-thirds of African Americans mostly agree with Black Lives Matter, while 42% of white Americans are unsure or do not have an opinion about Black Lives Matter.[12] Forty-one percent of white people thought Black Lives Matter advocated violence, 59% of whites thought Black Lives Matter distracted attention from the real issues of racial discrimination, and 46% of whites thought Black Lives Matter was a movement. By comparison, 82% of black people thought Black Lives Matter was a nonviolent movement, 26% of blacks thought Black Lives Matter distracted attention from the real issues of racial discrimination, and 67% of blacks thought Black Lives Matter was a movement.[12][13] A similar poll in June 2016 found that 65% of black American adults supported Black Lives Matter and 40% of white American adults support it. Fifty-nine percent of black Americans thought Black Lives Matter would "be effective, in the long run, in helping blacks achieve equality" and 34% of white Americans thought so.[14][15]

Structure and organization
The phrase "Black Lives Matter" can reference a twitter hashtag and a slogan, social movement, and loose confederation of affiliated groups and organizations that advocate for multiple causes related to racial injustice. As a movement, Black Lives Matter is decentralized, and leaders have emphasized the importance of local organizing over national leadership.[16] Activist DeRay McKesson has commented that the movement "encompasses all who publicly declare that Black lives matter and devote their time and energy accordingly" [17]

In 2013, Patrisse Cullors, Alicia Garza, and Opal Tometi formed the Black Lives Matter Network. Alicia Garza described the network as an online platform that existed to provide activists with a shared set of principles and goals. Local Black Lives Matter chapters are asked to commit to the organization's list of guiding principals, but operate without a central structure or hierarchy. Alicia Garza has commented that the Network was not interesting in "policing who is and who is not part of the movement".[18][19] Currently, there are at least twenty-three Black Lives Matter chapters in the U.S., Canada, and Ghana.[20] Other Black Lives Matter leaders include: DeRay Mckesson, Shaun King, Marissa Johnson,Nekima Levy-Pounds, and Johnetta Elzie.

In 2015 Johnetta Elzie, DeRay McKesson, Brittany Packett, and Samuel Sinyangwe, initiated Campaign Zero, a campaign aimed at promoting policy reforms to end police brutality. The campaign released a ten point plan for reforms to policing, with recommendations including: ending broken windows policing, increasing community oversight of police departments, and creating stricter guidelines for the use of force.[21] New York Times reporter John Eligon reported that some activists had expressed concerns that the campaign was overly focused on legislative remedies for police violence.[22]

The loose structure of Black Lives Matter has contributed to confusion in the press and among activists, as actions or statements from chapters or individuals are sometimes attributed to "Black Lives Matter" as a whole.[23][24] Matt Pearce, writing for the Los Angeles Times, commented that the “the words could be serving as a political rallying cry or referring to the activist organization. Or it could be the fuzzily applied label used to describe a wide range of protests and conversations focused on racial inequality.” [25] Political Scientist Frederick C. Harris has argued that this "group-centered model of leadership" is distinct from the older charismatic leadership model that characterized civil rights organizations like Jesse Jackson’s Rainbow PUSH Coalition and Al Sharpton’s National Action Network. [26]

Tactics

Black Lives Matter protest against police brutality in St. Paul, Minnesota

Black Lives Matter originally used social media—including hashtag activism—to reach thousands of people rapidly.[7] Since then, Black Lives Matters has embraced a diversity of tactics.[27] BLM generally engages in direct action tactics that make people uncomfortable enough that they must address the issue.[28]

BLM has been known to build power through protest.[29] BLM has held rallies and marches, including one for the death of Corey Jones inPalm Beach, Florida.[30] BLM has also staged die-ins and held one during the 2015 Twin Cities Marathon.[31]

Political slogans used during demonstrations include the eponymous "Black Lives Matter", "Hands up, don't shoot" (a later discredited reference attributed to Michael Brown[32]), "I can't breathe"[33][34] (referring to Eric Garner), "White silence is violence",[35] "No justice, no peace",[36][37] and "Is my son next?",[38] among others.

Most of the protesters actively distinguish themselves from the older generation of black leadership, such as Al Sharpton, by their aversion to middle-class traditions such as church involvement, Democratic Party loyalty, and respectability politics.[39][40]

Songs such as "Alright" have been used as a rallying call.[41] Beyoncé's most recent production Lemonade featured Mike Brown and Trayvon Martin's mothers crying while holding the last images they have of their sons, in effect propelling the issue of police brutality to a national stage.[42] The video for her single "Formation" (2016) celebrates southern black culture and features a line of policemen holding up their hands while a hooded black boy dances in front of them. The video also features a shot of graffiti on a wall reading "stop shooting us".[43]
Memes are also important in garnering support for and against the Black Lives Matter new social movement. Information communication technologies such as Facebook andTwitter spread memes and are important tools for garnering web support in hopes of producing a spillover effect into the offline world.[44] The use of ICTs facilitate the spread of the message "All Lives Matter" as a response to the Black Lives Matter hashtag as well as the "Blue Lives Matter" hashtag as a response to Beyonce's halftime performance speaking out against police brutality.[45][46]

Philosophy

Black Lives Matter protest at Union Square, Manhattan

Black Lives Matter incorporates those traditionally on the margins of black freedom movements.[7] The organization's website, for instance, states that Black Lives Matter is "a unique contribution that goes beyond extrajudicial killings of black people by police and vigilantes" and, embracing intersectionality, that "Black Lives Matter affirms the lives of black queer and trans folks, disabled folks, black undocumented folks, folks with records, women and all black lives along the gender spectrum."[47]

Founder Alicia Garza summed up the philosophy behind Black Lives Matter as follows: "When we say Black Lives Matter, we are talking about the ways in which Black people are deprived of our basic human rights and dignity. It is an acknowledgement Black poverty andgenocide is state violence. It is an acknowledgment that 1 million Black people are locked in cages in this country–one half of all people in prisons or jails–is an act of state violence. It is an acknowledgment that Black women continue to bear the burden of a relentless assault on our children and our families and that assault is an act of state violence."

Garza went on: "Black queer and trans folks bearing a unique burden in a hetero-patriarchal society that disposes of us like garbage and simultaneously fetishizes us and profits off of us is state violence; the fact that 500,000 Black people in the US are undocumented immigrants and relegated to the shadows is state violence; the fact that Black girls are used as negotiating chips during times of conflict and war is state violence; Black folks living with disabilities and different abilities bear the burden of state-sponsored Darwinian experiments that attempt to squeeze us into boxes of normality defined by White supremacy is state violence. And the fact is that the lives of Black people—not ALL people—exist within these conditions is consequence of state violence."[48]

Influence

Black Lives Matter protest at Herald Square, Manhattan

In 2014, the American Dialect Society chose #BlackLivesMatter as their word of the year.[49][50] Over eleven hundred black professors expressed support for BLM.[51] Several media organizations have referred to BLM as "a new civil rights movement".[1][52][53]#BlackLivesMatter was voted as one of the twelve hashtags that changed the world in 2014.[54]

In 2015, Serena Williams expressed her support for Black Lives Matter, writing to BLM: "Keep it up. Don't let those trolls stop you. We've been through so much for so many centuries, and we shall overcome this too."[55]

As a part of a general assembly, the Unitarian Universalist Church passed a resolution in support of BLM and staged a die-in in Portland, Oregon.[56] Patrisse Cullors, Opal Tometi, and Alicia Garza—as "The Women of #BlackLivesMatter" — were listed as one of the nine runners-up for The Advocate's Person of the Year.[57]

The February 2015 issue of Essence Magazine and the cover was devoted to Black Lives Matter.[58] In December 2015, BLM was a contender for the Time Magazine Person of the Year award. Angela Merkel won the award while BLM came in fourth of the eight candidates.[59]

On May 9, 2016 Delrish Moss was sworn in as the first permanent African-American police chief in Ferguson, where he acknowledges he faces such challenges as diversifying the police force, creating dramatic improvements in community relations, and addressing issues that catalyzed the Black Lives Matter movement.[60]

Notable protests and demonstrations
2014

Black Lives Matter protester atMacy's Herald Square.

In August 2014, during Labor Day weekend, Black Lives Matter organized a "Freedom Ride", that brought more than 500 African-Americans from across the United States into Ferguson, Missouri, to support the work being done on the ground by local organizations.[61]

Black Lives Matter members and supporters rode in from New York City, Newark, Boston, Chicago, Columbus, Miami, Detroit, Houston, Oakland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Nashville, Portland, Tucson, Washington, D.C., and more, in a similar way to that of the Freedom Riders in the 1960s.[62] The movement has been generally involved in the Ferguson unrest, following the death of Michael Brown.[63]
In November in Oakland, California, fourteen Black Lives Matter activists were arrested after they stopped a Bay Area Rapid Transit(BART) train for more than an hour on Black Friday, one of the biggest shopping days of the year. The protest, which was led by Black Lives Matter co-founder Alicia Garza, was organized in response to the grand jury decision not to indict Darren Wilson for the death of Mike Brown.[64][65]

A Black Lives Matter protest of police brutality in the rotunda of the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota

In December, 2,000–3,000 people gathered at the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, to protest the killings of unarmed black men by police.[66] At least twenty members of a protest that had been using the slogan were arrested.[67] In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, BLM protested the Shooting of Dontre Hamilton, who died in April.[68] Black Lives Matter protested the Shooting of John Crawford III.[69] TheShooting of Renisha McBride was protested by Black Lives Matter.[70]

Also in December, in response to the decision by the grand jury not to indict Darren Wilson on any charges related to the death of Michael Brown, a protest march was held in Berkeley, California. Later, in 2015, protesters and journalists who participated in that rally filed a lawsuit alleging "unconstitutional police attacks" on attendees.[71]

2015

This section is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(December 2015)

In March, BLM protested at Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel's office, demanding reforms within the Chicago Police Department.[72] In Cobb County, Georgia, the movement protested the death of Nicholas Thomas who was shot and killed by the police.[73]

In April, Black Lives Matter across the United States protested over the death of Freddie Gray which included the 2015 Baltimore protests.[74][75] Black Lives Matter organizers supported the fast food strike in solidarity with fast food workers, and to oppose racial income inequality.[76] On April 14, BLM protested across U.S. cities.[77] In Zion, Illinois, several hundred protested over the fatal shooting of Justus Howell.[78] After the shooting of Walter Scott, Black Lives Matter called for citizen oversight of police.[79]

In May, a protest by BLM in San Francisco was part of a nationwide protest decrying the police killing of black women and girls, which included the deaths of Meagan Hockaday, Aiyana Jones, Rekia Boyd and others.[80] In Cleveland, Ohio, after an officer was acquitted at trial in the Shooting of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams, BLM protested.[81] In Madison, Wisconsin, BLM protested after the officer was not charged in the Shooting of Tony Robinson.[82]

In June, after a shooting in a historically black church in Charleston, South Carolina, BLM issued a statement and condemned the shooting as an act of terror.[83] BLM across the country marched, protested and held vigil for several days after the shooting.[84][85] BLM was part of a march for peace on the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge in South Carolina.[86] After the Charleston shooting, a number of memorials to theConfederate States of America were graffitied with "Black Lives Matter" or otherwise vandalized.[87][88] Around 800 people protested in McKinney, Texas after a video was released showing an officer pinning a girl—at a pool party in McKinney, Texas—to the ground with his knees.[89]

In July, BLM protesters shut down Allen Road in Toronto, Ontario, protesting the shooting deaths of two black men in the metropolitan area—Andrew Loku and Jermaine Carby—at the hands of police.[90] BLM activists across the United States began protests over the death of Sandra Bland, an African-American woman, who was allegedly found hanged in a jail cell in Waller County, Texas.[91][92] In Cincinnati, Ohio, BLM rallied and protested the Death of Samuel DuBose after he was shot and killed by a University of Cincinnati police officer.[93] In Newark, New Jersey, over a thousand BLM activists marched against police brutality, racial injustice, and economic inequality.[94]

In August, BLM organizers held a rally in Washington, D.C., calling for a stop to violence against transgender women.[95] In St. Louis, Missouri, BLM activists protested the death of Mansur Ball-Bey who was shot and killed by police.[96] In Charlotte, North Carolina, after a judge declared a mistrial in the trial of a white Charlotte police officer who killed an unarmed black man, Jonathan Ferrell, BLM protested and staged die-ins.[97] In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Janelle Monae, Jidenna and other BLM activists marched through North Philadelphia to bring awareness to police brutality and Black Lives Matter.[98]

Around August 9, the one-year anniversary of Michael Brown's death, BLM rallied, held vigil and marched in St. Louis and across the country.[99][100]

One-year commemoration of theShooting of Michael Brown and theFerguson unrest at Barclays Center inBrooklyn, New York

In September, BLM activists shut down streets in Toronto, rallied against police brutality, and stood in solidarity with marginalized black lives. Black Lives Matter was a featured part of the Take Back the Night event in Toronto.[101] In Austin, Texas, over five hundred BLM protesters rallied against police brutality, and several briefly carried protest banners onto Interstate 35.[102] In Baltimore, Maryland, BLM activists marched and protested as hearings began in the Freddie Gray police brutality case.[103] In Sacramento, California, about eight hundred BLM protesters rallied to support a California Senate bill that would increase police oversight.[104] BLM protested the Shooting of Jeremy McDole.[105]

Black Lives Matter protest against St. Paul police brutality at Metro Green Line

In October, Black Lives Matters activists were arrested during a protest of a police chiefs conference in Chicago.[106] Activists in Los Angeles Black Lives Matter activists were among several organizations that disrupted a community meeting with Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti at a church in South L.A.[107] The protesters said that Garcetti had broken a promise to work with their organization to plan a meeting. The pastor of the church that hosted the meeting denied that Black Lives Matter organizers had been excluded.[108]

"Rise Up October" straddled the Black Lives Matter Campaign, and brought several protests.[109] Quentin Tarantino and Cornel West, participating in "Rise Up October", decried police violence.[110] A Dunkin Donuts employee in Providence, Rhode Island wrote "black lives matter" on a police officer's cup of coffee which resulted in protests.[clarification needed][111] At UCLA, students protested "Black Bruins Matter" after some students wore blackface to a Kanye West-themed fraternity party.[112]

In November, BLM activists protested after Jamar Clark was shot by Minneapolis Police Department.[113] A continuous protest was organized at the Minneapolis 4th Precinct Police. During the encamped protest, protestors and outside agitators clashed with police, vandalized the station and attempted to ram the station with an SUV.[114][115][116] Later that month a march was organized to honor Jamar Clark, from the 4th Precinct to downtown Minneapolis. After the march, a group of men carrying firearms and body armor[117] appeared and began calling the protesters racial slurs according to a spokesperson for Black Lives Matter. After protesters asked the armed men to leave, the men opened fire, shooting five protesters.[118][119] All injuries required hospitalization, but were not life-threatening. The men fled the scene only to be found later and arrested. The three men arrested were young and white, and observers called them white supremacists.[120][121]

In November 2015, students at Dartmouth College held a peaceful meeting and march after a Black Lives Matter art installation on the campus was vandalized. After the march, a smaller group of students entered the university library and conducted a protest there.[122] The Dartmouth Review, a conservative campus publication, reported that the protesters had shoved other students and used profanity. Campus police and college officials claimed they had not observed any incidents of shoving or other physical violence.[123]

2016
In January, hundreds of BLM protesters marched in San Francisco to protest the December 2, 2015, shooting death of Mario Woods, who was shot by San Francisco Policeofficers. The march was held during a Super Bowl event.[124]

In late May, BLM activists[disputed – discuss] disrupted a speech by Milo Yiannopoulos at DePaul University. Security did not intervene to stop the protests, despite the university requiring organizers to cover the cost of additional security.[125][126]

On July 7, a sniper attack occurred during a rally in Dallas, Texas[127] that was organized to protest the deaths of Alton Sterling and Philando Castile. Five police officers were killed, and seven wounded. Two civilians were also shot, bringing the total number of victims to fourteen. Initial reports were of multiple coordinated snipers, but officials later reported that the suspect, Micah Johnson, who was killed in the incident, acted alone. Before he died, according to police, Johnson said that “he was upset about Black Lives Matter”, and that “he wanted to kill white people, especially white officers.”[128][128] Texas Lt. Governor Dan Patrick and other conservative lawmakers blamed the shootings on the Black Lives Matter movement.[129][130] The Black Lives Matter network released a statement denouncing the shootings.[131][132][133] On July 8, more than 100 people were arrested at Black Lives Matter protests across the United States.[134]

2016 presidential election
Main article: United States presidential election, 2016
In the summer of 2015, Black Lives Matter began to publicly challenge politicians—including 2016 United States presidential candidates—to state their positions on BLM issues.[135]

[url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter#cite_note-eligon-135]
ok.. why this messed up no clue will fix

[Armonica_Templar]

2016 presidential election

Main article: United States presidential election, 2016
In the summer of 2015, Black Lives Matter began to publicly challenge politicians—including 2016 United States presidential candidates—to state their positions on BLM issues.[135]
Influence

[/url]
Bernie Sanders and Black Lives Matter activists in Westlake Park, Seattle

In August 2015, the Democratic National Committee passed a resolution supporting Black Lives Matter.[136]
In the first Democratic debate, the presidential candidates were asked whether black lives matter or all lives matter.[137] In reply, Bernie Sanders stated "black lives matter."[137] Martin O'Malley said, "Black lives matter," and that the "movement is making is a very, very legitimate and serious point, and that is that as a nation we have undervalued the lives of black lives, people of color."[138] Jim Webb, on the other hand, replied: "as the president of the United States, every life in this country matters."[137] Hillary Clinton was not directly asked the same question, but was instead asked: "What would you do for African Americans in this country that President Obama couldn't?"[139]

In response to what she would do differently from President Obama for African-Americans, Hillary Clinton pushed for criminal justice reform, and said, "We need a new New Deal for communities of color."[140] Clinton had already met with Black Lives Matter representatives in August 2015, and expressed skepticism in the movement's practical application.[clarification needed][141] In June 2015, Clinton was reported to have said "All lives matter."[142]

Republican candidates have been mostly critical of BLM. In August 2015, Ben Carson, the only African American vying for the presidency, called the movement "silly".[143] Carson also said that BLM should care for all black lives, not just a few.[144] In the first Republican presidential debate, which took place in Cleveland, only one question referenced Black Lives Matter.[145] In response to the question, Scott Walker did not acknowledge Black Lives Matter and advocated for the proper training of law enforcement.[145]

Republican presidential candidate Scott Walker blamed the movement for rising anti-police sentiment,[146] while Marco Rubio was the first candidate to publicly sympathize with the movement's point of view.[147]

Several conservative pundits have labeled the movement a "hate group".[148] Candidate Chris Christie, the New Jersey Governor, criticized President Obama for supporting BLM, claiming the movement calls for the murder of police officers,[149] which was condemned by New Jersey chapters of the NAACP and ACLU.[150]

BLM activists called on the Democratic National Committee and the Republican National Committee to have a presidential debate focused on issues of racial justice.[151] Both parties, however, declined to alter their debate schedule, and instead the parties support a townhall or forum.[152]
Protests

Black Lives Matter on [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Friday_(shopping)]Black Friday2014 at Times Square

At the Netroots Nation Conference in July 2015, dozens of Black Lives Matter activists took over the stage at an event featuring Martin O'Malley and Bernie Sanders. Activists, including Black Lives Matter co-founder Patrisse Cullors, asked both candidates for specific policy proposals to address deaths in police custody.[153] The protesters chanted several slogans, including "if I die in police custody, burn everything down". After conference organizers pleaded with the protesters for several minutes, O'Malley responded by pledging to release a wide-ranging plan for criminal justice reform. Protesters later booed O'Malley when he stated "Black lives matter. White lives matter. All lives matter."[154] O'Malley later apologized for his remarks, saying that he didn't mean to disrespect the black community.[154]

On August 8, 2015, a speech by Democratic presidential candidate and civil rights activist Bernie Sanders was disrupted by a group from the Seattle Chapter of Black Lives Matter including chapter co-founder Marissa Johnson[155] who walked onstage, seized the microphone from him and called his supporters racists and white supremacists.[156][157][158] Sanders issued a platform in response.[159]

Nikki Stephens, the operator of a Facebook page called "Black Lives Matter: Seattle" issued an apology to Sanders' supporters, claiming these actions did not represent her understanding of BLM. She was then sent messages by members of the Seattle Chapter which she described as threatening, and was forced to change the name of her group to "Black in Seattle". The founders of Black Lives Matter stated that they had not issued an apology.[160]

In August, activists chanting "Black Lives Matter" interrupted the Las Vegas rally of Republican presidential candidate Jeb Bush.[161] As Bush exited early, some of his supporters started responding to the protesters by chanting "white lives matter" or "all lives matter".[162]

In October, a speech by Hillary Clinton on criminal justice reform and race at Atlanta University Center was interrupted by BLM activists.[163]
In November, a BLM protester was physically assaulted at a Donald Trump rally in Birmingham, Alabama. In response, Trump said, "maybe he should have been roughed up because it was absolutely disgusting what he was doing."[164] Trump had previously threatened to fight any Black Lives Matter protesters if they attempted to speak at one of his events.[165]

In March 2016, Black Lives Matter helped organize the 2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest that forced Trump to cancel the event.[166][167] Four individuals were arrested and charged in the incident. Two were "charged with felony aggravated battery to a police officer and resisting arrest", one was "charged with two misdemeanor counts of resisting and obstructing a peace officer", and the fourth "was charged with one misdemeanor count of resisting and obstructing a peace officer".[168] A CBS reporter was one of those arrested outside the rally. He was charged with resisting arrest.[169]

"All Lives Matter"

This section requires expansionwith: the origins of the term, as well as the arguments and identity of its proponents. (July 2016)
In the discussion surrounding "Black Lives Matter", the slogan "All Lives Matter" is sometimes used[by whom?] as an alternative. Its supporters include Senator Tim Scott.[170]According to an August 2015 poll, 78% of likely American voters said the statement All Lives Matters was "close[r] to [their] own" than Black Lives Matter. Only 11% said the statement Black Lives Matter was closer. Nine percent said neither statement reflected their point of view.[171]

Criticism
According to professor David Theo Goldberg, "All Lives Matter" reflects a view of "racial dismissal, ignoring, and denial".[172] On Real Time with Bill Maher Bill Maher expressed support of the "Black Lives Matter" phrase, stating that "'All Lives Matter' implies that all lives are equally at risk, and they're not".[173] Founders have responded to criticism of the movement's exclusivity, saying, "#BlackLivesMatter doesn't mean your life isn't important – it means that Black lives, which are seen without value within White supremacy, are important to your liberation."[174]
In a video interview with Laura Flanders, Garza discussed how "changing Black Lives Matter to All Lives Matter is a demonstration of how we don't actually understand structural racism in this country". She went on to discuss how other lives are valued more than black lives, which she strongly feels is wrong, and that to take blackness out of this equation is inappropriate.[175]

President Barack Obama spoke to the debate between Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter.[176] Obama said, "I think that the reason that the organizers used the phrase Black Lives Matter was not because they were suggesting that no one else's lives matter ... rather what they were suggesting was there is a specific problem that is happening in the African American community that's not happening in other communities." He also said "that is a legitimate issue that we've got to address."[28]

On February 24, 2016, Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook, sent out a company-wide internal memo to employees formally rebuking employees who had crossed out handwritten "Black Lives Matter" phrases on the company walls and had written "All Lives Matter" in their place. Facebook allows employees to free-write thoughts and phrases on company walls. The memo was then leaked by several employees. As Zuckerberg had previously condemned this practice at previous company meetings, and other similar requests had been issued by other leaders at Facebook, Zuckerberg wrote in the memo that he would now consider this overwriting practice not only disrespectful, but "malicious as well".[177]According to Zuckerberg's memo, "Black Lives Matter doesn't mean other lives don't – it's simply asking that the black community also achieves the justice they deserve." The memo noted that the act of crossing something out in itself, "means silencing speech, or that one person's speech is more important than another's".[178][179][180]

External images "All Houses Matter", Chainsawsuit, Kris Straub, July 7, 2016. Cartoonist uses a house fire to illustrate why critics see "All Lives Matter" as problematic.[181]
In July 2016, USA Today wrote that using the phrase "All Lives Matter" can be interpreted as racist. It cited three professors, including Joe Feagin, who said that white people use the phrase "All Lives Matter" to ignore the Black Lives Matter movement, which he described as "already about liberty and justice for all". USA Today reported that some celebrities who had tweeted using the hashtag #AllLivesMatter, including Jennifer Lopez and Fetty Wap, had deleted the tweets and apologized. It also mentioned cartoonist Kris Straub, who tweeted a cartoon titled "All Houses Matter", showing a house fire, to illustrate the problem with the term.[181]

Criticism
Issues protested
African-American critics of the movement include neurosurgeon and former Republican presidential candidate Ben Carson, minister Johnathan Gentry of the West Angeles Church of God in Christ, and author and minister Barbara Ann Reynolds.[182][183]
Deroy Murdock questioned the number of black people killed by police that is reported by BLM. He wrote, "But the notion that America's cops simply are gunning down innocent black people is one of today's biggest and deadliest lies."[184] The hashtag #BlueLivesMatter was created by supporters who stood up for police officers' lives.[185] Some critics also accuse Black Lives Matter of "anti-white and anti-police radicalism".[186]

Many individuals in law enforcement have been critical of BLM. Sheriff David A. Clarke, Jr of Milwaukee County has been critical of Black Lives Matter, stating that there is no police brutality problem in America and that "there is no racism in the hearts of police officers".[187] John McWhorter said that the Black Lives Matter movement should take on black-on-black crime.[188]

Seattle Seahawks Richard Sherman said about the "Black Lives Matter" movement, "I dealt with a best friend getting killed, and it was [by] two 35-year-old black men. There was no police officer involved, there wasn't anybody else involved, and I didn't hear anybody shouting 'black lives matter' then."[189]

Tactics
See also: Ferguson effect
Some black civil rights leaders, such as Rev. Cecil "Chip" Murray, Najee Ali, Earl Ofari Hutchinson, have criticized the tactics of BLM.[190] Marchers using a BLM banner were recorded in a video chanting, "Pigs in a blanket, fry 'em like bacon" at the Minnesota State Fair. Law enforcement groups said that the chant promotes death to police. The protest organizer disputed that interpretation.[191]

A North Carolina police chief retired after calling BLM a terrorist group.[192] A police officer in Oregon was removed from street duty following a social media post in which he said he would have to "babysit these fools", in reference to a planned BLM event.[193]

Some commentators and law enforcement have said that BLM has made it hard for police to do their job, leading to a rise in crime rates.[184] Commentators have referred to this as the "Ferguson effect."[184] FBI Director James Comey, for example, suggested that the movement is partly leading to a national rise in crime rates because police officers have pulled back from doing their jobs.[194] However, there had been even larger crime spikes prior to the events in Ferguson.[195]

White groups
In response to BLM, Facebook pages purporting to represent "White Student Unions" with the slogan "White Lives Matter" have been linked to college campuses in the United States.[196] The pages often promise a "safe space" for white students and condemn alleged anti-white racism on campus.[197] However, many of the groups were not verified as legitimate student organizations registered with their respective universities.[196]

[Armonica_Templar]

So this leaves me with my first point..



Let me lay the ground work here for you..



I refer back to a set of tools refered to as the Tea Party



"Now Bon why are you being so cruel?"



Because they became tools.. The sign was easily missed if one was not paying attention



When the Tea Party Candidates removed the dems from their majority what happened



Immediately, Bohener (boner for short) was immediately the Speaker with out the floor vote going through



How does this affect our conversation?



It is a little mistake but an obvious one



I know of NO democrat that will argue that the Tea Party is free and independent of the GOP



It showed that the organization was beholden to the GOP backers



Now it gave us a litmus test for this conversation



Has there been any incident pointing to useage as tool by those in power



Would you be surprised if I told you that I have three main and only one is theoretical?




Let us look at the lack of riots in New York, Daniel Mckenson or whatever his name is, and of course my favorite.. Da money trail

[Mystic Wanderer]

Awesome thread, and just scanning over it now (it just went up) I can see I'll have to come back to delve into it all when I have more time. Definitely one for my files!

Bookmarked!

[Armonica_Templar]

Ferguson Unrest (PC way to call it a riot)

The Ferguson unrest (also referred to just as Ferguson) involves protests and riots that began the day after the fatalshooting of Michael Brown by white police officer Darren Wilson on August 9, 2014, in Ferguson, Missouri. The unrest sparked a vigorous debate in the United States about the relationship between law enforcement officers and African Americans, the militarization of the police, and the Use of Force Doctrine in Missouri and nationwide. Continued activism expanded the issues to include modern-day debtors prisons,[9] for-profit policing,[10] and school segregration.[11]


As the details of the original shooting event emerged, police established curfews and deployed riot squads to maintain order. Along with peaceful protests, there was looting and violent unrest in the vicinity of the original shooting. According to media reports, there was police militarization when dealing with protests in Ferguson.[12][13] The unrest continued on November 24, 2014, after a grand jury did not indict Officer Wilson.[14] It briefly continued again on the one-year anniversary of Brown's shooting.[15]

In response to the shooting and subsequent unrest, the U.S. Department of Justice conducted an investigation into the policing practices of the Ferguson Police Department (FPD).[16][17] In March 2015, the U.S. Justice Department announced that they had determined that the FPD had engaged in misconduct against the citizenry of Ferguson by among other things discriminating against African-Americans and applying racial stereotypes, in a "pattern or practice of unlawful conduct."[18][19]However, a separate Department of Justice report focused on the shooting itself was supportive of Officer Wilson and his version of events.[20]

This is very interesting..

You see we have a separate incident in New York

Death of Eric Garner

Death of Eric Garner

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

[/url]
Death of Eric GarnerTime
c. 3:30 p.m. (EDT)
Date
July 17, 2014
Location
202 Bay Street, Staten Island,New York, U.S.
Coordinates
40.63716°N 74.07674°W

Coordinates: 40.63716°N 74.07674°W

Cause
"Compression of neck (choke hold), compression of chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police"
Participants
Daniel Pantaleo and Justin Damico (NYPD officers)
Outcome
No indictment
Deaths
1
Coroner
New York City Medical Examiner
Litigation
$5.9 million out-of-court settlement

Death of Eric Garner

Show map of New York CityShow map of New YorkShow map of USAShow all
On July 17, 2014, Eric Garner died in Staten Island, New York City, after a New York City Police Department (NYPD) officer put him in what has been described as a chokehold for about 15 to 19 seconds while arresting him. The New York City Medical Examiner's Officeattributed Garner's death to a combination of a chokehold, compression of his chest, and poor health. NYPD policy prohibits the use of chokeholds.

NYPD officers approached Garner on suspicion of selling "loosies" (single cigarettes) from packs without tax stamps. After Garner told the police that he was tired of being harassed and that he was not selling cigarettes, the officers went to arrest Garner. When officer Daniel Pantaleo tried to take Garner's wrist behind his back, Garner pulled his arms away. Pantaleo then put his arm around Garner's neck and took him down onto the ground. After Pantaleo removed his arm from Garner's neck, he pushed the side of Garner's face into the ground while four officers moved to restrain Garner, who repeated "I can't breathe" eleven times while lying facedown on the sidewalk. After Garner lost consciousness, officers turned him onto his side to ease his breathing. Garner remained lying on the sidewalk for seven minutes while the officers waited for an ambulance to arrive. The officers and EMTs did not perform CPR on Garner at the scene; according to a spokesman for the PBA, this was because they believed that Garner was breathing and that it would be improper to perform CPR on someone who was still breathing. He was pronounced dead at the hospital approximately one hour later.

The medical examiner concluded that Garner was killed by "compression of neck (choke hold), compression of chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police." No damage to Garner's windpipe or neck bones was found. The medical examiner ruled Garner's death a homicide. According to the medical examiner's definition, a homicide is a death caused by the intentional actions of another person or persons, which is not necessarily an intentional death or a criminal death.

On December 3, 2014, the Richmond County grand jury decided not to indict Pantaleo. On that day, the United States Department of Justice announced it would conduct an independent investigation. The event stirred public protests and rallies, with charges of police brutality made by protesters. By December 28, 2014, at least 50 demonstrations had been held nationwide specifically for Garner while hundreds of demonstrations against general police brutality counted Garner as a focal point. On July 13, 2015, an out-of-court settlement was announced in which the City of New York would pay the Garner family $5.9 million.

Contents
  [hide] 

• 1Background
  • 1.1Eric Garner
    
  • 1.2Daniel Pantaleo
    
  
  
• 2Death
  
• 3Immediate aftermath
  • 3.1Investigation
    
  • 3.2First wave of protests
    
  
  
• 4Grand jury
  • 4.1Deliberation and verdict
    
  • 4.2Reaction
    • 4.2.1Public
      
    • 4.2.2Police
      
    • 4.2.3Family
      
    • 4.2.4Politicians
      
    • 4.2.5Celebrities
      
  
  
• 5After the grand jury
  
• 6Legacy
  
• 7See also
  
• 8References
  

Background[edit]
Eric Garner[edit]

Garner's Facebook profile photo

Eric Garner (September 15, 1970 – July 17, 2014) was a 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) tall, 350-pound (160 kg), 43-year-old African American man.[1][2] He had been a horticulturist at the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, but quit for health reasons.[3] Garner, who was married to Esaw Garner,[4] had been described by his friends as a "neighborhood peacemaker" and as a generous, congenial person.[5] He was the father of six children and had three grandchildren;[3] and at the time of his death had a 3-month-old child.[6]

Garner had been arrested by the NYPD thirty times since 1980 on charges such as assault, resisting arrest, and grand larceny. An official said he had been arrested multiple times for allegedly selling unlicensed cigarettes.[7] In 2007, he filed a handwritten complaint[8] in federal court accusing a police officer of conducting a cavity search of him on the street, "digging his fingers in my rectum in the middle of the street" while people passed by.[3] Garner had, according to The New York Times, "recently ... told lawyers at Legal Aid that he intended to take all the cases against him to trial".[3] At the time of the incident, he was out on bail for selling untaxed cigarettes, driving without a license, marijuana possession, and false impersonation.[9]

Daniel Pantaleo[edit]
Daniel Pantaleo[10] is a New York City Police Department officer who was, at the time of Garner's death, age 29 and living in Eltingville, Staten Island.[11] His father was a New York City Fire Department firefighter, and his uncle was an NYPD officer. He graduated from Monsignor Farrell High School and received a bachelor's degree from the College of Staten Island. He joined the NYPD in 2006.[12] Pantaleo was the subject of two civil rights lawsuits in 2013 where plaintiffs accused him of falsely arresting them and abusing them. In one of the cases, he and other officers allegedly ordered two black men to strip naked on the street for a search and the charges against the men were dismissed.[13][14][15][16]

Death[edit]
External video Full video, recorded by Ramsey Orta and acquired by the Daily News[17]
On July 17, 2014, at approximately 3:30 p.m., Garner was approached by a plainclothes police officer, Justin Damico, in front of a beauty supply store at 202 Bay Street in Tompkinsville, Staten Island. According to bystanders, including Ramsey Orta, a friend of Garner's who recorded the incident on his cell phone,[18][19] Garner had just broken up a fight, which may have drawn the attention of the police[20]—although Garner may also have been selling "loosies" (single cigarettes without a tax stamp) in violation of New York state law.[21] Garner is heard on the video saying, "Get away [garbled] for what? Every time you see me, you want to mess with me. I'm tired of it. It stops today. Why would you...? Everyone standing here will tell you I didn't do nothing. I did not sell nothing. Because every time you see me, you want to harass me. You want to stop me [garbled] selling cigarettes. I'm minding my business, officer, I'm minding my business. Please just leave me alone. I told you the last time, please just leave me alone."[22]

When Pantaleo approached Garner from behind and attempted to handcuff him, Garner swatted his arms away, saying "Don't touch me, please."[23] Pantaleo then put Garner in achokehold—which is prohibited by NYPD regulations—from behind.[24] Pantaleo then pulled Garner backward in an attempt to bring him to the ground;[25][25] in the process, Pantaleo and Garner slammed into a glass window, which did not break.[3] As Garner was being brought to the ground, other uniformed officers surrounded him, and Garner went to his knees and forearms and did not say anything for a few seconds. At that point, three uniformed officers and the two plainclothes officers had surrounded him.[3] After 15 seconds,[26] the video showed Pantaleo had removed his arm from around Garner's neck; Pantaleo then used his hands to push Garner's face[25] into the sidewalk.[27] Garner is heard saying "I can't breathe" eleven times while lying facedown on the sidewalk.[28] The arrest was supervised by a female African American NYPD sergeant, Kizzy Adoni, who did not intercede.[29] Adoni was quoted in the original police report as stating, "The perpetrator's condition did not seem serious and he did not appear to get worse."[30]

Garner lay motionless, handcuffed, and unresponsive for several minutes before an ambulance arrived, as shown in a second video.[31][32] After Garner lost consciousness, officers turned him onto his side to ease his breathing.[33] Garner remained lying on the sidewalk for seven minutes while the officers waited for an ambulance to arrive.[34] Other than one officer who told the then-unconscious Garner to "breathe in, breathe out", the police made no attempt to resuscitate Garner.[34] The police defended their decision to not perform CPR on Garner because they stated that he was still breathing and that it would have been improper to do CPR on someone who was breathing on his own.[35][36][37]When an ambulance arrived on scene, two medics and two EMTs inside the ambulance did not administer any emergency medical aid[38] or promptly place him on a stretcher.[38]According to police, Garner had a heart attack while being transported to Richmond University Medical Center.[39] He was pronounced dead at the hospital one hour later.[40]

A funeral was held for Garner on July 23, 2014, at Bethel Baptist Church in Brooklyn. At the funeral, Al Sharpton gave a speech calling for harsher punitive measures to be taken against the officers responsible for the incident.[41]

Immediate aftermath[edit]
Investigation[edit]
On July 20, the officer who grabbed Garner by the neck, Daniel Pantaleo,[27] was put on desk duty and stripped of his service handgun and badge.[42] Officer Justin Damico was allowed to keep his badge and handgun but was also placed on desk duty.[43] Four of the EMTs and paramedics who took Garner to the hospital were suspended on July 21.[27]Two of the paramedics were soon returned to their duties, and the remaining two EMTs were doing non-medical work at the hospital pending the Richmond University Medical Center's own investigation into the incident.[44][45]

Three weeks after recording his friend's arrest on his cell phone, Ramsey Orta was arrested on weapons charges.[18] Al Sharpton made a statement that prosecuting Orta while also calling him as a witness could constitute a conflict of interest.[18] After prosecutors questioned whether the money raised for his bail was crowd-sourced legally, Orta was released from jail on bail on April 10, 2015.[46][47]

On August 1, Garner's death was found by the New York City Medical Examiner's Office to be a result of "compression of neck (chokehold), compression of chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police."[48][49][50] Asthma, heart disease, and obesity were cited as contributing factors.[51] There was no damage to the windpipe or neckbones.[52] The medical examiner ruled Garner's death a homicide. According to the medical examiner's definition, a homicide is a death caused by the intentional actions of another person or persons, which is not necessarily an intentional death or a criminal death.[53]

That day, the medical examiner's spokesperson, Julie Bolcer, announced that Garner's death had been ruled a homicide via chokehold.[54] However, the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association stated that no chokehold had been used.[55]

First wave of protests[edit]
Al Sharpton organized a protest in Staten Island on the afternoon of July 19, and condemned the police's use of the chokehold on Garner, saying that "there is no justification" for it.[56]

On July 29, a protest organized by WalkRunFly Productions and poet Daniel J. Watts was held in Times Square. The protest was in the form of poetry and many Broadwayentertainers participated in the event.[57] Al Sharpton originally planned to lead a protest on August 23 in which participants would drive over the Verrazano–Narrows Bridge, then travel to the site of the altercation and the office of District Attorney Daniel M. Donovan, Jr.[58] This idea was scrapped in favor of Sharpton leading a march along Bay Street in Staten Island, where Garner died; police estimated that over 2,500 people participated in the march.[59][60]

Grand jury[edit]
Deliberation and verdict[edit]
On August 19, Richmond County (Staten Island) District Attorney Daniel M. Donovan, Jr. announced that the case against Pantaleo would go to a grand jury, saying that after considering the medical examiner's findings, his office decided "it is appropriate to present evidence regarding circumstances of his death to a Richmond County Grand Jury."[61]On September 29, the grand jury began hearing evidence in the Garner case.[61] On November 21, Pantaleo testified before the grand jury for about two hours.[61] After having the case for two months, the grand jury decided on December 3 not to indict Pantaleo.[61][62]

Under New York law, most of the grand jury proceedings were kept secret, including the exact charges sought by the prosecutor, the autopsy report, and transcripts of testimony. Attempts by the New York Civil Liberties Union and others to gain release of that information have been unsuccessful.[63]

Reaction[edit]
Public[edit]

Al Sharpton and Garner's widow, Esaw Garner (right), at a protest in Staten Island on July 19, 2014

Chicago protesters protesting the Staten Island grand jury's decision, December 4, 2014

After the Staten Island grand jury did not indict Pantaleo on December 3, citizens in New York City and San Francisco gathered in protest, demonstrating with several [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die-in]die-ins,[64][65] making speeches[66] and rallies against the indictment.[31] On December 5, thousands gathered in protest on the Boston Common in Boston, and then marched in the downtown area, blocking traffic, especially on I-90, in addition to staging "die-ins."[67] Protests also occurred in Chicago, Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Minneapolis, and Atlanta.[68][69] At least 300 people were arrested at the New York City protests on December 4 and 5, most of them for charges of disorderly conduct or refusal to clear the streets, but two for assault on a police officer.[70][71] On December 6, 300 protesters marched in Berkeley, California as well.[72][73] On December 10, 76 protesters were arrested at Westfield shopping centre in Shepherd's Bush in west London, England, during a rally to show solidarity with rallies in the United States.[74] Protesters have made use of Garner's last words, "I can't breathe", as a slogan and chant against police brutality since Garner's death and Officer Pantaleo's grand jury decision.[75][76] By December 28, at least 50 protests in support of Garner had occurred globally, and many other Black Lives Matter-related demonstrations had occurred.[77]

Counter-protests were also launched in support of police, specifically for the NYPD. On December 19, during a New York City protest about the grand jury decision, supporters of the NYPD held a counter-demonstration, wearing shirts with the phrase, "I can breathe, thanks to the NYPD", on them, holding signs with phrases like "Bluelivesmatter", and chanting, "Don't resist arrest."[78][79]

On December 20, two NYPD officers were killed in an ambush in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn. The suspected gunman, Ismaaiyl Brinsley, "declared his intention on his Instagram account to kill police officers as retribution for the recent police killings of Michael Brown and Eric Garner".[80] The suspect, who has a long criminal record, then entered the New York City Subway and committed suicide.[81][82][83]

Garner's death has been cited as one of several police killings of African Americans protested by the Black Lives Mattermovement.[84][85][86][87]

Police[edit]
As a result of Garner's death, Police Commissioner William Bratton ordered an extensive review of the NYPD's training procedures, specifically focusing on the appropriate amount of force that can be used while detaining a suspect.[88] An unnamed NYPD official quoted in the New York Post said that the $35 million retraining efforts were ineffective and a "waste of time."[89] Patrick Lynch, leader of the police union Patrolmen's Benevolent Association, challenged the claim that a chokehold was used, further stating that the union would be able to find many use-of-force experts who would also challenge the claim that a chokehold was used.[90] Lynch also attributed Garner's death to resisting arrest and, "a lack of the respect for law enforcement, resulting from the slanderous, insulting, and unjust manner in which police officers are being portrayed."[91][92] Edward D. Mullins, the head of the union representing police sergeants, called on members not to slow down police response across the city by supervising every arrest. He also commented saying that the use of the term "chokehold" by the chief medical examiner's office was political.[90]Police union officials and Pantaleo's lawyer argued that Pantaleo did not use the chokehold, but instead used a NYPD-taught takedown move because Garner was resisting arrest.[93]

An Indiana police officer sold T-shirts saying "Breathe Easy. Don't Break the Law."[94] A veteran San Jose Police Officer, Phillip White, tweeted: "Threaten me or my family and I will use my God given and law appointed right and duty to kill you. #CopsLivesMatter", which sparked controversy.[95]

Family[edit]
In an interview with CNN, Garner's daughter Erica felt that it was pride and not racism that led to the officer choking her father. She continued: "It was about the officer's pride. It was about my father being 6'4" and 350 pounds and he wants to be the top cop that brings a man down."[96]
Erica held a vigil and "die-in" on December 11, 2014, on Staten Island in memory of her father, near where he died.[97] On her Twitter account, she vowed to continue to lead protests in Staten Island twice a week, lying down in the spot where her father collapsed and died.[98][99]

One of Garner's daughters, Emerald Snipes, created a fund for his kids for Christmas as Garner used to play Santa Claus.[100] Garner's daughters Erica and Emerald, his widow Esaw, and his stepfather Ben Carr all went to the Justice for All March in Washington, D.C.[101]

After the announcement of the grand jury decision, when asked whether she accepted Pantaleo's condolences, Garner's widow said, "The time for remorse would have been when my husband was yelling to breathe." She added, "No, I don't accept his apology. No, I could care less about his condolences ... He's still working. He's still getting a paycheck. He's still feeding his kids, when my husband is six feet under and I'm looking for a way to feed my kids now."[102]

Garner's mother, Gwenn Carr, expressed surprise and disappointment with the grand jury decision.[102][103]

Politicians[edit]
New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio called Garner's death a "terrible tragedy."[104] De Blasio, at a July 31 roundtable meeting in response to the death, convened with police officers and political activists, called upon mutual respect and understanding. On August 1, in a statement, the mayor urged all parties involved to create a dialogue, and find a path "to heal the wounds from decades of mistrust and create a culture where the police department and the communities they protect respect each other."[105][106] New York GovernorAndrew Cuomo said that New York State should consider appointing a special prosecutor to handle cases of alleged police brutality. He told CNN: "We have a problem. Let's acknowledge it."[107]
U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder said that the Department of Justice was "closely monitoring" investigations into Garner's death.[108]

Two U.S. Presidents have expressed thoughts about Garner's death. Barack Obama addressed the grand jury's decision by making a speech, stating that Garner's death and the legal outcome of it is an "American problem."[109] Obama also reacted by saying that Mr. Garner's death "speaks to the larger issues" of trust between police and civilians.[110]Former U.S. President George W. Bush said he found the verdict "hard to understand" and "very sad" in an interview.[111]

Rep. Peter King (R-NY) stated that, if Garner had been healthier, he would not have died after a police officer placed him in a chokehold. "If he had not had asthma, and a heart condition, and was so obese, almost definitely he would not have died from this." King added that there "was not a hint" that anyone used any racial epithets, and that if Garner were a "350-pound white guy, he would have been treated the same."[112]

Celebrities[edit]
Shady Records recording artist Kxng Crooked aka Crooked I of Slaughterhouse recorded a tribute song for Garner. Titled "I Can't Breathe", the song was first released exclusively through MTV News.[113] Crooked used the same instrumental that was used for 2Pac's "Pain", with additional production added by Jonathan Hay.[114] The cover art for the single was created by Shalé and it features an image of Garner being held in a chokehold by law enforcement officials.[115]

After the grand jury declined to indict Pantaleo, professional athletes such as NFL players Reggie Bush, Ryan Davis, Cecil Shorts III, Marqise Lee, Ace Sanders, and Allen Hurns;[116] and NBA players LeBron James, Kobe Bryant and the Los Angeles Lakers, Kyrie Irving, Kevin Garnett, Derrick Rose, Jarrett Jack, and Deron Williams, wore T-shirts bearing the phrase "I can't breathe" during pregame warmups.[117][118][119] The Phoenix Suns also wore the shirts.[120] President Obama and attorney general Holder applauded James for wearing the shirt.[121][122]
The Georgetown University men's basketball team wore "I can't breathe" shirts,[123] as did the University of Notre Dame Women's Basketball team.[124]

After the grand jury[edit]
In October 2014, Garner's family announced their intention to file a wrongful death lawsuit against the City of New York, the police department, and several police officers, seeking $75 million in damages.[125] The parties announced a $5.9-million out-of-court settlement on July 13, 2015.[126][127] Garner's widow earlier rejected a $5-million settlement offer.[128]

On December 3, 2014, after the grand jury decided not to indict Pantaleo, the United States Department of Justice announced it would conduct an independent investigation.[3][129][129][130] In January 2015 it was reported that the Federal Bureau of Investigation's New York Field Office was reviewing the incident and events thereafter.[131]

Legacy[edit]
Garner's death inspired the death of the fictional character Poussey Washington from the television series Orange Is the New Black.[132][133]

[Armonica_Templar]

Whole Confrontation caught on tape
multiple images and videos

Yet the NYPD review stated NO Chokehold was used (to my understanding)
I read something to where it is supposedly illegal

So why is this important
1)less evidence in the Ferguson S#$%
2)clearly power in exercise

That above is not a chokehold (not a LOT more and better pictures from different angles)

I digress on my own derail here

The point is there where a lot more grounds

Read over the above post with the link to Garner's death
Notice a certain reverend 'leading' the charge
A reschedule to a DIFFERENT area

Flimsy by itself
but

The question is why no riot

Looking at the situation and Sharpton's history

Calls would have been made 


The Power Broker

The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York is a Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Robert Moses by Robert Caro. The book focuses on the creation and use of power in local and state politics, as witnessed through Moses' use of unelected positions to design and implement dozens of highways and bridges, sometimes at great cost to the communities he nominally served. It has been repeatedly named one of the best biographies of the 20th century, and has been highly influential on city planners and politicians throughout the United States.


Contents
  [hide] 

• 1Synopsis
  
• 2Origins
  
• 3Commercial and critical reception
  • 3.1Response from Moses
    
  • 3.2Modern re-assessment
    
  
  
• 4References
  
• 5Further reading
  

Synopsis[edit]

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The Power Broker traces Moses' life from his childhood in Gay Nineties Connecticut to his early years as an idealistic advocate forProgressive reform of the city's corrupt civil service system. According to Caro, Moses' failures there, and later experience working for future governor of New York Al Smith in the New York State Assembly and future New York Mayor Jimmy Walker in the State Senate, taught him how to acquire and wield power in order to achieve his goals.

By the 1930s, Moses had earned a reputation as a creator of beautiful parks in both the city and state, and later long-sought projects like the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, but at the price of his earlier integrity. Caro ultimately paints a portrait of Moses as an unelectedbureaucrat who, through his reputation for getting large construction projects done, amassed so much power over the years that the many elected officials whom he was supposedly responsive to instead became dependent on him. He consistently favored automobiletraffic over mass transit and human and community needs, and while making a big deal of the fact that he served in his many public jobs (save as New York City Parks Commissioner) without compensation, lived like a king and similarly enriched those individuals in public and private life who aided him.

While Caro pays ample tribute to Moses' intelligence, political shrewdness, eloquence and hands-on, if somewhat aggressive, management style, and indeed gives full credit to Moses for his earlier achievements, it is clear from the book's introduction onward that Caro's view of Moses is ambivalent (some[weasel words] of the readers of The Power Broker would conclude that Caro possessed only contempt for his subject).

At 1,336 pages (only two-thirds of the original manuscript), it provides documentation of its assertions in most instances, which Moses (and his supporters after his death[who?]) have consistently attempted to refute. Because Caro's narrative includes a great deal of history about New York City itself, the book is considered by many[who?] to be a monumental scholarly work in its own right, transcending the normal style of a biography that focuses on the life of a single person.

Origins[edit]
As a reporter for Newsday in the early 1960s, Caro wrote a long series about why a proposed bridge across Long Island Sound from Rye to Oyster Bay, championed by Robert Moses, would have been inadvisable, requiring piers so large it would disrupt tidal flows in the sound, among other problems. Caro believed that his work had influenced even the state's powerful governor Nelson Rockefeller to reconsider the idea, until he saw the state's Assembly vote overwhelmingly to pass a preliminary measure for the bridge.[1][2]
"That was one of the transformational moments of my life," Caro said years later. It led him to think about Moses for the first time. "I got in the car and drove home to Long Island, and I kept thinking to myself: 'Everything you've been doing is baloney. You've been writing under the belief that power in a democracy comes from the ballot box. But here's a guy who has never been elected to anything, who has enough power to turn the entire state around, and you don't have the slightest idea how he got it.'"[1]

In 1966, his wife Ina Caro changed the topic of her graduate thesis to write about the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, while Caro was a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University taking courses in urban planning and land use. He found that academics' notions of highway planning contrasted with what he had seen as a reporter. "Here were these mathematical formulas about traffic density and population density and so on," he recalled, "and all of a sudden I said to myself: 'This is completely wrong. This isn't why highways get built. Highways get built because Robert Moses wants them built there. If you don't find out and explain to people where Robert Moses gets his power, then everything else you do is going to be dishonest.'"[1]

He found that despite Moses' illustrious career, no biography had been written, save the highly propagandistic Builder for Democracy in 1952.[3] So he decided to undertake the task himself, beginning the seven-year process of hundreds of interviews meticulously documented as well as extensive original archival research, listed in the notes on sources in an appendix.

Originally, he had expected it to take nine months to research and write the book. As that time stretched into years, he ran out of money and despaired of ever finishing it. Ina, his wife and research assistant, sold the family home on Long Island and moved the Caros to an apartment
in the Bronx where she had taken a teaching job, so that her husband could continue.[1]

Moses "did his best to try to keep this book from being written—as he had done, successfully, with so many previous, stillborn, biographies."[4] After Mr. Caro had been working on the book for more than a year, Moses agreed to sit for a series of seven interviews, one lasting from 9:30 A.M. until evening, providing much material about his early life, but when Caro began asking questions ("for having interviewed others involved in the subjects in question and having examined the records—many of them secret—dealing with them, it was necessary to reconcile the sometimes striking disparity between what he told me and what they told me") the series of interviews was abruptly terminated."[4] Moses' brother Paul was to provide Caro with the reason behind their decades-old family feud but died of a heart attack hours before he could explain.

Commercial and critical reception[edit]
The Power Broker caused quite a stir when it was published, after the "One Mile" chapter ran as an excerpt in The New Yorker. The chapter highlighted the difficulties in constructing one section of the Cross-Bronx Expressway and the way Moses ran roughshod over the interests of the section of East Tremont the road effectively destroyed. Before publication, Caro, largely unknown at the time, dared to challenge the magazine's legendary editor, William Shawn, over his changes to Caro's prose. It was common for the magazine to edit excerpts to conform to its house style, which did not make allowance for many of the author's narrative flourishes, such as single-sentence paragraphs. Caro also complained that much of his work had been compressed.[1]

The book won the Pulitzer in biography in 1974, as well as the Francis Parkman Prize awarded by the Society of American Historians to the book that best "exemplifies the union of the historian and the artist." On June 12, 1975, The New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects conferred a "Special Citation upon Robert Caro....for reminding us once again, that ends and means are inseparable." In 1986, it was recognized by the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, and in 2001 the Modern Library selected it as one of the hundred most important books of the 20th century. In 2005, Caro was awarded the Gold Medal in Biography from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 2010, President Barack Obama, after awarding Mr. Caro a National Humanities Medal, said "I think about Robert Caro and reading The Power Broker back when I was 22 years old and just being mesmerized, and I'm sure it helped to shape how I think about politics." In 2010, Mr. Caro was also inducted into the New York State Writers Hall of Fame. David Klatell, dean of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, has recommended the book to new students to familiarize themselves with New York City and the techniques of investigative reporting.[5]

Response from Moses[edit]
Moses and his supporters considered the book to be overwhelmingly biased against him, to the point that Moses put out a 23-page typed statement challenging some of its assertions (he claimed he never used the anti-Italian slurs the book attributes to him about Fiorello La Guardia, for instance) and what his supporters saw as a record of unprecedented accomplishment.[6]

Modern re-assessment[edit]
In later years, some further criticisms have been made of the book, mainly that it overstates the extent of Moses's power in the 1960s.[citation needed] In the 21st century, as many have decried the inability of American public institutions to construct and maintain infrastructure projects, a more positive view of Moses's career has emerged, in explicit reaction to his portrayal in the Power Broker.[7] This re-evaluation has included museum exhibits and a 2007 book (Robert Moses and the Modern City) described as having a "revisionist theme running throughout".[8]

Of note here..
these power structures are still in place

The question is why wasnt there a riot
Simply put
the crowd was controlled

[Armonica_Templar]

This is the thought that left me with a bad taste in my mouth over this organization

Al sharpton combined with the history of social movements
(Re MLK's organization and its leadership making deals with city leaders)

Thier is no way this was NOT controlled

notice how NY did not erupt into riots
What is funnier is that it was modeled after the Arab spring

Say a whole lot
The question here is the link

[Armonica_Templar]

Awesome thread, and just scanning over it now (it just went up) I can see I'll have to come back to delve into it all when I have more time. Definitely one for my files!

Bookmarked!

Thank You..

It is going to take me a few days probably to cover the matter


not a short thread