Da Lazy Scholar: The Cocaine mummies

[Armonica_Templar]

A very interesting video

The issue listed here

Summary

Tabacco and Cocaine found in mummies



The problem is this
 Tabacco and cocaine plants are native to south america

this leads to an interesting point
It indicates contact by egypt with south america
in an earlier point of prehistory

So lets take a look together at this

First
A history of Tobacco 
A history of Cocaine

The discovery process of the cocaine mummies
Procedure used
who discovered it
Counter claims

Evidence 

So lets start with something simple
Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories

Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the prevailing model(s) describing the geographic origins and early migrations of humans in the Americas, see Settlement of the Americas.
For more details on Native American genetic heritage, see Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas.

Reenactment of a Viking landing in L'Anse aux Meadows

Claims of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact relate to visits to, the discovery of or interaction with the Americas and/or indigenous peoples of the Americas by people from Africa, Asia, Europe, or Oceania before Columbus's first voyage to the Caribbean in 1492.[1] Such contact is generally accepted in prehistory, but has been hotly debated in the historic period.[2]

Two historical cases of pre-Columbian contact have widespread support amongst the scientific and scholarly mainstream. There is considerable evidence in support of successful explorations which led to Norse settlement of Greenland and the L'Anse aux Meadowssettlement in Newfoundland[3] some 500 years before to Columbus.

The scientific and scholarly responses to other post-prehistory, pre-Columbian contact claims have varied. Some such contact claims are examined in reputable peer-reviewed sources. Other contact claims, typically based on circumstantial and ambiguous interpretations of archaeological finds, cultural comparisons, comments in historical documents, and narrative accounts, have been dismissed as fringe science or pseudoarcheology.[4][5]

scrolling down to

Claims of Egyptian coca and tobacco[edit]

The mummy of Ramesses II

Traces of coca and nicotine found in some Egyptian mummies have led to speculation that Ancient Egyptians may have traveled to the New World. The initial discovery was made by a German toxicologist, Svetlana Balabanova, after examining the mummy of a priestess called Henut Taui. Follow-up tests of the hair shaft, performed to rule out contamination, gave the same results.[120]

A television show reported that examination of numerous Sudanese mummies undertaken by Balabanova mirrored what was found in the mummy of Henut Taui.[121] Balabanova suggested that the tobacco may be accounted for since it may have also been known in China and Europe, as indicated by analysis run on human remains from those respective regions. Balabanova proposed that such plants native to the general area may have developed independently, but have since gone extinct.[121] Other explanations include fraud, though curator Alfred Grimm of the Egyptian Museum in Munich disputes this.[121] Skeptical of Balabanova's findings, Rosalie David, Keeper of Egyptology at the Manchester Museum, had similar tests performed on samples taken from the Manchester mummy collection and reported that two of the tissue samples and one hair sample did test positive for nicotine.[121] Sources of nicotine other than tobacco and sources of cocaine in the Old World are discussed by the British biologist Duncan Edlin.[122]

Mainstream scholars remain skeptical, and they do not see this as proof of ancient contact between Africa and the Americas, especially because there may be possible Old World sources.[123][124] Two attempts to replicate Balabanova's finds of cocaine failed, suggesting "that either Balabanova and her associates are misinterpreting their results or that the samples of mummies tested by them have been mysteriously exposed to cocaine."[125]

A re-examination in the 1970s of the mummy of Ramesses II revealed the presence of fragments of tobacco leaves in its abdomen. This became a popular topic in fringe literature and the media and was seen as proof of contact between Ancient Egypt and the New World. The investigator, Maurice Bucaille, noted that when the mummy was unwrapped in 1886 the abdomen was left open and that "it was no longer possible to attach any importance to the presence inside the abdominal cavity of whatever material was found there, since the material could have come from the surrounding environment."[126] Following the renewed discussion of tobacco sparked by Balabanova's research and its mention in a 2000 publication by Rosalie David, a study in the journal Antiquity suggested that reports of both tobacco and cocaine in mummies "ignored their post-excavation histories" and pointed out that the mummy of Ramesses II had been moved five times between 1883 and 1975.[124]

Well If I followed correctly this is the potential star of the show

Henut Taui

Henut Taui

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henut_Taui#p-search]
For other ladies with same or similar name, see Henuttawy.




Henuttaui[1]
in hieroglyphs
Henut Taui, or Henuttaui, Henuttawy (fl. ca 1000 BCE) was an Ancient Egyptian priestess during the 21st Dynasty whose remains were mummified. She is mainly known for being one of the so-called "cocaine mummies".

Background[edit]
Little to nothing is known about her life. She was a priestess and chantress in the temple of Amun at Thebes, and after her death her body was embalmed and buried in the Deir el-Bahari necropolis.

After the discovery of her tomb, her mummy became a property of the king of Bavaria (likely Ludwig I), who later donated it to the Staatliche Sammlung für Ägyptische Kunst of Munich, where it is still located today (ÄS 57).[2] Her coffin, once located at the National Archaeology Museum of Lisbon,[3] is now in Munich too.[4]

Rediscovery[edit]
See also: Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact theories § Claims of Egyptian coca and tobacco
In 1992, German toxicologist Svetlana Balabanova discovered traces of cocaine, hashish and nicotine on Henut Taui's hair as well as on the hair of several others mummies of the museum[5] which is significant,[2] in that the only source for cocaine and nicotine had been considered to be the coca and tobacco plants native to the Americas, and were not thought to have been present in Africa until after Columbus voyaged to America.[6]
This result was interpreted by theorists and supporters of contacts between pre-Columbian people and ancient Egyptians, as a proof for their claims. Nevertheless, two successive analysis on other groups of Egyptian mummies and human remains, failed to fully reproduce Balabanova's results, showing in fact positive results only for nicotine.[7][6]

After these experiments, even assuming that cocaine was actually found on mummies, it is likely that this could be a contamination occurred after the discovery. The same argument can be applied to nicotine but, in addition, various plants other than tobacco are a source of nicotine and two of these, Withania somnifera and Apium graveolens, were known and used by ancient Egyptians.[7]

References[edit]

1. Jump up^ Daressy, G. (1907), “Les cercueils des prètres d'Ammon”, ASAE 8, p. 13 (see A 136).
   
   
2. ^ Jump up to:a b Rice, M., Who is who in Ancient Egypt, 1999 (2004), Routledge, London, ISBN 0-203-44328-4, pp. 64-65.
   
   
3. Jump up^ Daressy, G., op. cit., p. 19 (see A 136).
   
   
4. Jump up^ Porter, B. & Moss, R., Topographical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, reliefs and paintings. I. The Theban necropolis, part 2. 2nd edition, Oxford University Press 1964, p. 639.
   
   
5. Jump up^ Balabanova, S. et al. (1992), "First Identification of Drugs in Egyptian Mummies", Naturwissenschaften 79, p. 358.
   
   
6. ^ Jump up to:a b "Curse of the Cocaine Mummies" written and directed by Sarah Marris. (Producers: Hilary Lawson, Maureen Lemire and narrated by Hilary Kilberg). A TVF Production for Channel Four in association with the Discovery Channel, 1997.
   
   
7. ^ Jump up to:a b Counsell, David J. "Intoxicants in Ancient Egypt? Opium, nymphea, coca, and tobacco", in David, Rosalie (ed), Egyptian mummies and modern science, Cambridge University Press 2008, pp. 211-15. ISBN 978-0-511-37705-1
   

My first issue appears right here at the end

It is an editing of view points

it is likely that this could be a contamination occurred after the discovery.

This will be covered but is a hazard of wikipedia
note no reference has been provided for this phrase.. It is propaganda in history

No reference to said proof of statement

lets take a look

Please note this is not in any order.. 

I am doing this my way..